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Fingerprint (computing)
In computer science, a fingerprinting algorithm is a procedure that maps an arbitrarily large data item (such as a computer file) to a much shorter bit string, its fingerprint, that uniquely identifies the original data for all practical purposes〔A. Z. Broder. Some applications of Rabin's fingerprinting method. In Sequences II: Methods in Communications, Security, and Computer Science, pages 143--152. Springer-Verlag, 1993〕 just as human fingerprints uniquely identify people for practical purposes. This fingerprint may be used for data deduplication purposes.
Fingerprints are typically used to avoid the comparison and transmission of bulky data. For instance, a web browser or proxy server can efficiently check whether a remote file has been modified, by fetching only its fingerprint and comparing it with that of the previously fetched copy.〔Detecting duplicate and near-duplicate files. US Patent 6658423 Issued on December 2, 2003〕〔A. Z. Broder, "On the Resemblance and Containment of Documents," Proceedings of Compression and Complexity of Sequences 1997, pp. 21-27, IEEE Computer Society (1988)〕〔S. Brin et al., "Copy Detection Mechanisms for Digital Documents," Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD Annual Conference, San Jose 1995 (May 1995)〕〔L. Fan, P. Cao, J. Almeida and A. Broder, Summary Cache: A Scalable Wide-Area Web Cache Sharing Protocol, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 8, No. 3 (2000)〕〔U. Manber, Finding Similar Files in a Large File System. Proceedings of the USENIX Winter Technical Conf. (1994)〕
Fingerprint functions may be seen as high-performance hash functions used to uniquely identify substantial blocks of data where cryptographic hash functions may be unnecessary. Audio fingerprint algorithms should not be confused with this type of fingerprint function.
==Fingerprint properties==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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